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Progestogen-only medications, including progestogen-only pills and a slow-release (depot) injectable medication, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA; Depo-Provera) do not contain an estrogen. DMPA is given as an injection every 90 days, and is typically associated with amenorrhea in about 50 to 60% of users at the end of one year.
Medroxyprogesterone acetate (brand names Depo-Provera, Provera, Depo-subQ Provera 104) [4] – 150 mg (intramuscularly) or 104 mg (subcutaneously) every 3 months [3] Norethisterone enanthate (brand names NET EN, Noristerat, Norigest, Doryxas) [ 5 ] – 200 mg (intramuscularly) every 2 months [ 3 ]
DMPA, under brand names such as Depo-Provera and Depo-SubQ Provera 104, is used in hormonal birth control as a long-lasting progestogen-only injectable contraceptive to prevent pregnancy in women. [ 38 ] [ 39 ] It is given by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection and forms a long-lasting depot , from which it is slowly released over a period ...
Depot MPA (DMPA) and EC/MPA were developed by Upjohn in the 1960s. [12] [13] DMPA (brand name Depo-Provera) was introduced for use as a progestogen-only injectable contraceptive for the first time outside of the United States in 1969 and was subsequently approved for use in birth control in the United States in 1992.
In the first few months of extended or continuous use of combined oral contraceptives, unscheduled bleeding or spotting may occur. [82] However, the bleeding or spotting is expected to resolve after a few months of use. [82] Menstrual suppression is commonly used for convenience especially when women go on vacation. [79]
Unscheduled bleeding that occurs during such hormonal treatment is termed "breakthrough bleeding" (BTB) Breakthrough bleeding may result from inconsistent use of hormonal treatment, although in the initial months after initiation of a method, it may occur even with perfect use, and may ultimately affect adherence to the medication regimen. [27]
Intermenstrual bleeding (IMB), or metrorrhagia, is vaginal bleeding at irregular intervals between expected menstrual periods. [1] It may be associated with bleeding with sexual intercourse . [ 2 ] The term metrorrhagia, in which metro means measure and -rrhagia means abnormal flow, [ 3 ] is no longer recommended.
CICs are different from progestogen-only injectable contraceptives (POICs), such as depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA; brand names Depo-Provera, Depo-SubQ Provera 104) and norethisterone enantate (NETE; brand name Noristerat), which are not combined with an estrogen and are given once every two to three months instead of once a month. [2]