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Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, various federal, state and local governments in the United States conducted studies into the numerous sources of air pollution. These studies ultimately attributed a significant portion of air pollution to the automobile, and concluded air pollution is not bounded by local political boundaries.
Mobile source air pollution – Air pollution emitted by motor vehicles, airplanes, locomotives, and other engines; Planned obsolescence – Policy of planning or designing a product with an artificially limited useful life; Remote work – Employees working from any location; Service life – Period of time where an object can fulfill a function
Nevertheless, some other economists mention urban decay and urban sprawl as a negative effect or cost of the automobile, when the city grows due to automobile dependency. [35] Most large cities currently require most of their food to be trucked in by motor vehicle. Historic Paris is a counterexample, using up to 1/6 of its landspace for growing ...
Due to its preexisting standards and particularly severe motor vehicle air pollution problems in the Los Angeles metropolitan area, the U.S. state of California has special dispensation from the federal government to promulgate its own automobile emissions standards. Other states may choose to follow either the national standard or the stricter ...
Similar agencies exist at the state level. Due to the large number of mobile sources of air pollution, and their ability to move from one location to another, mobile sources are regulated differently from stationary sources, such as power plants. Instead of monitoring individual emitters, such as an individual vehicle, mobile sources are often ...
Use of cars for transportation creates barriers by reducing the landscape required for walking and cycling. It may look like a minor problem initially but in the long run, it poses a threat to children and the elderly. Transport is a major land use, leaving less land available for other purposes. Cars also contribute to pollution of air and water.
Air pollution deaths are high in middle-income countries due to industry and in low-income countries due to the use of solid fuels for cooking. [ 135 ] Annual premature European deaths caused by air pollution are estimated at 430,000 [ 136 ] to 800,000. [ 128 ]
Particles from car tyres pollute the environment and the air we breathe, whilst the long-term effects on our health and the ecosystem are unknown. These tyre wear particles are especially damaging due to the toxic chemicals that they are made from, which leach out of the particles into our rivers and oceans.