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  2. Checksum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checksum

    The content of such spam may often vary in its details, which would render normal checksumming ineffective. By contrast, a "fuzzy checksum" reduces the body text to its characteristic minimum, then generates a checksum in the usual manner. This greatly increases the chances of slightly different spam emails producing the same checksum.

  3. File verification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_verification

    File verification is the process of using an algorithm for verifying the integrity of a computer file, usually by checksum. This can be done by comparing two files bit-by-bit, but requires two copies of the same file, and may miss systematic corruptions which might occur to both files.

  4. cksum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cksum

    cksum is a command in Unix and Unix-like operating systems that generates a checksum value for a file or stream of data. The cksum command reads each file given in its arguments, or standard input if no arguments are provided, and outputs the file's 32-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) checksum and byte count. [1]

  5. Internet checksum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_checksum

    The checksum field is the 16 bit one's complement of the one's complement sum of all 16 bit words in the header. For purposes of computing the checksum, the value of the checksum field is zero. If there is no corruption, the result of summing the entire IP header, including checksum, and then taking its one's complement should be zero.

  6. Simple file verification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_file_verification

    Simple file verification (SFV) is a file format for storing CRC32 checksums of files to verify the integrity of files. SFV is used to verify that a file has not been corrupted, but it does not otherwise verify the file's authenticity. The .sfv file extension is usually used for SFV files. [1]

  7. Error detection and correction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_detection_and_correction

    A checksum of a message is a modular arithmetic sum of message code words of a fixed word length (e.g., byte values). The sum may be negated by means of a ones'-complement operation prior to transmission to detect unintentional all-zero messages. Checksum schemes include parity bits, check digits, and longitudinal redundancy checks.

  8. Luhn algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm

    The Luhn algorithm or Luhn formula, also known as the "modulus 10" or "mod 10" algorithm, named after its creator, IBM scientist Hans Peter Luhn, is a simple check digit formula used to validate a variety of identification numbers.

  9. List of hash functions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hash_functions

    This is a list of hash functions, including cyclic redundancy checks, checksum functions, and cryptographic hash functions. This list is incomplete ; you can help by adding missing items . ( February 2024 )