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Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common type of muscular dystrophy, [3] with a median life expectancy of 27–31 years. [5] [11] However, with comprehensive care, some individuals may live into their 30s or 40s. [3] Duchenne muscular dystrophy is considerably rarer in females, occurring in approximately one in 50,000,000 live female ...
Many forms of muscular dystrophy are associated with disorders of the dystrophin-associated protein complex. [6] Muscular dystrophy, the result of mutations in the genes that encode for dystrophin and the associated proteins that binds to it can arise in various forms. [7] The most common form is known as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). [8]
The diagnosis of muscular dystrophy is based on the results of muscle biopsy, increased creatine phosphokinase (CpK3), electromyography, and genetic testing. A physical examination and the patient's medical history will help the doctor determine the type of muscular dystrophy.
Primary mitochondrial myopathies are inherited, while secondary mitochondrial myopathies may be inherited (e.g. Duchenne's muscular dystrophy) [3] or environmental (e.g. alcoholic myopathy [4] [5]). When it is an inherited primary disease, it is one of the metabolic myopathies. [6] [4]
Progressive muscular atrophy (PMA), also called Duchenne–Aran disease and Duchenne–Aran muscular atrophy, is a disorder characterised by the degeneration of lower motor neurons, resulting in generalised, progressive loss of muscle function.
Devices to help a person with duchenne muscular dystrophy stand are a common treatment approach. [3] Orthotic devices are used (as discussed above) and also specific standing devices such as standing frames, standing wheelchairs, and tables that have a tilt function.
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