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There are few studies explicitly linking cognitive biases to real-world incidents with highly negative outcomes. Examples: One study [11] explicitly focused on cognitive bias as a potential contributor to a disaster-level event; this study examined the causes of the loss of several members of two expedition teams on Mount Everest on two consecutive days in 1996.
While large bodies of research have been devoted to examining intergroup contact, social scientific reviews of the literature frequently voice skepticism about the likelihood of contact's optimal conditions occurring in concert, and by extension, about the generalizability of correlational research and lab studies on contact. [52]
The bias can be mitigated by having managers find common ground with the employee, thus priming the manager to see the employee as part of their in-group. [10] Firms can also counter the bias through implicit bias training and by having hiring and promotions be a data and metrics driven process.
The teaching of history in the United Kingdom has been described as "arguably among the most disputed" topics in regards to the legacy of colonialism. [11] The British International Studies Association has stated that "British universities have been engaged in soul searching on a number of issues including racism , slavery , trafficking , and ...
CBM research emerged as investigators used the same techniques to assess attention bias to the manipulation of attention bias. [2] This allowed for tests of the causal relationship between cognitive biases and emotional states (e.g., does selectively attending to threatening information cause greater anxiety).
Biases that affect memory, [18] such as consistency bias (remembering one's past attitudes and behavior as more similar to one's present attitudes). Biases that reflect a subject's motivation, [19] for example, the desire for a positive self-image leading to egocentric bias and the avoidance of unpleasant cognitive dissonance. [20]
According to a meta-analysis of 17 implicit bias interventions, counterstereotype training is the most effective way to reduce implicit bias. [14] In the area of gender bias, techniques such as imagining powerful women, hearing their stories, and writing essays about them have been shown to reduce levels of implicit gender bias on the IAT. [15]
Selective exposure is a theory within the practice of psychology, often used in media and communication research, that historically refers to individuals' tendency to favor information which reinforces their pre-existing views while avoiding contradictory information.