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In addition, applying a trigger at a controlled phase angle of the AC in the main circuit allows control of the average current flowing into a load (phase control). This is commonly used for controlling the speed of a universal motor, dimming lamps, and controlling electric heaters. TRIACs are Bipolar devices.
Many modern computerized lighting systems allow a dimmer to be set as "non-dim" and controlled using the Lighting control console, however, this can be less desirable than using a "true" switched circuit, as the Triac in the dimmer never truly supplies a "proper" sine wave, which can cause damage to equipment.
If no current/voltage is applied to the gate lead, the TRIAC switches off. On the other hand, if the trigger voltage is applied to the gate lead, the TRIAC switches on. TRIACs are suitable for light-dimming circuits, phase-control circuits, AC power-switching circuits, AC motor control circuits, etc.
0–10 V is one of the first and simplest electronic lighting control signaling systems, used as an early fluorescent dimming system. [1] Simply put, the control signal is a DC voltage that varies between zero and ten volts. Two standards are recognized: current sourcing and current sinking.
Phase-fired control (PFC), also called phase cutting or phase-angle control, is a method for power limiting, applied to AC voltages. [1] It works by modulating a thyristor, SCR, triac, thyratron, or other such gated diode-like devices into and out of conduction at a predetermined phase angle of the applied waveform. [2]
For example, a light dimmer uses a potentiometer to control the switching of a TRIAC and so indirectly to control the brightness of lamps. Preset potentiometers are widely used throughout electronics wherever adjustments must be made during manufacturing or servicing.