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A bronchus (/ ˈ b r ɒ ŋ k ə s / BRONG-kəs; pl.: bronchi, / ˈ b r ɒ ŋ k aɪ / BRONG-ky) is a passage or airway in the lower respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs.The first or primary bronchi to branch from the trachea at the carina are the right main bronchus and the left main bronchus.
After the lung buds have formed, they begin to grow and branch forming a primitive version of the bronchial tree, determining how the lobes of the lung will be arranged in the mature organ. [2] The first stage of alveolar development, spanning between the fifth and the 16th week of development, is called the pseudoglandular stage . [ 5 ]
The bronchioles (/ ˈ b r ɑː ŋ k i oʊ l s / BRONG-kee-ohls) are the smaller branches of the bronchial airways in the lower respiratory tract.They include the terminal bronchioles, and finally the respiratory bronchioles that mark the start of the respiratory zone delivering air to the gas exchanging units of the alveoli.
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) [1] is the most common type of minor salivary gland malignancy in adults. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma can also be found in other organs, such as bronchi, lacrimal sac, [2] and thyroid gland. Mucicarmine staining is one stain used by pathologist for detection. [3]
The afferents of the tracheobronchial glands drain the lungs and bronchi, the thoracic part of the trachea and the heart; some of the efferents of the posterior mediastinal glands also end in this group.
At the end of the fourth week, the lung bud divides into two, the right and left primary bronchial buds on each side of the trachea. [56] [57] During the fifth week, the right bud branches into three secondary bronchial buds and the left branches into two secondary bronchial buds. These give rise to the lobes of the lungs, three on the right ...
Histologically similar to the major and minor salivary glands, pluripotent cells of the submucosal serous and mucous glands of the tracheobronchial tree are thought to be the source of acinic cell carcinoma of the lung. The histologic characteristics of acinic cell carcinoma of the lung are nearly identical to those of the salivary glands. [3]
It is defined as ratio between the thickness of the submucosal mucus secreting glands and the thickness between the epithelium and cartilage that covers the bronchi. The Reid index is not of diagnostic use in vivo since it requires a dissection of the airway tube, but it has value in post mortem evaluations and for research.