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In calculus, the inverse function rule is a formula that expresses the derivative of the inverse of a bijective and differentiable function f in terms of the derivative of f. More precisely, if the inverse of f {\displaystyle f} is denoted as f − 1 {\displaystyle f^{-1}} , where f − 1 ( y ) = x {\displaystyle f^{-1}(y)=x} if and only if f ...
For functions of a single variable, the theorem states that if is a continuously differentiable function with nonzero derivative at the point ; then is injective (or bijective onto the image) in a neighborhood of , the inverse is continuously differentiable near = (), and the derivative of the inverse function at is the reciprocal of the derivative of at : ′ = ′ = ′ (()).
If the domain of the function is restricted to the nonnegative reals, that is, we take the function : [,) [,); with the same rule as before, then the function is bijective and so, invertible. [12] The inverse function here is called the (positive) square root function and is denoted by x ↦ x {\displaystyle x\mapsto {\sqrt {x}}} .
Another example is the p-adic logarithm, the inverse function of the p-adic exponential. Both are defined via Taylor series analogous to the real case. [ 98 ] In the context of differential geometry , the exponential map maps the tangent space at a point of a manifold to a neighborhood of that point.
The slope field of () = +, showing three of the infinitely many solutions that can be produced by varying the arbitrary constant c.. In calculus, an antiderivative, inverse derivative, primitive function, primitive integral or indefinite integral [Note 1] of a continuous function f is a differentiable function F whose derivative is equal to the original function f.
The product logarithm Lambert W function plotted in the complex plane from −2 − 2i to 2 + 2i The graph of y = W(x) for real x < 6 and y > −4. The upper branch (blue) with y ≥ −1 is the graph of the function W 0 (principal branch), the lower branch (magenta) with y ≤ −1 is the graph of the function W −1. The minimum value of x is ...
In fact, the Lagrange inversion theorem has a number of additional rather different proofs, including ones using tree-counting arguments or induction. [7] [8] [9] If f is a formal power series, then the above formula does not give the coefficients of the compositional inverse series g directly in terms for the coefficients of the series f.
An involution is a function f : X → X that, when applied twice, brings one back to the starting point. In mathematics, an involution, involutory function, or self-inverse function [1] is a function f that is its own inverse, f(f(x)) = x. for all x in the domain of f. [2] Equivalently, applying f twice produces the original value.