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According to one such definition, the family is disjoint if each two sets in the family are either identical or disjoint. This definition would allow pairwise disjoint families of sets to have repeated copies of the same set. According to an alternative definition, each two sets in the family must be disjoint; repeated copies are not allowed.
A disjoint union of a family of pairwise disjoint sets is their union. In category theory , the disjoint union is the coproduct of the category of sets , and thus defined up to a bijection . In this context, the notation ∐ i ∈ I A i {\textstyle \coprod _{i\in I}A_{i}} is often used.
The possible cardinalities of a maximal almost disjoint family (commonly referred to as a MAD family) on the set of the natural numbers has been the object of intense study. [ 3 ] [ 2 ] The minimum infinite such cardinal is one of the classical cardinal characteristics of the continuum .
More generally, a collection of any sets whatsoever is called a family of sets, set family, or a set system. Additionally, a family of sets may be defined as a function from a set I {\displaystyle I} , known as the index set, to F {\displaystyle F} , in which case the sets of the family are indexed by members of I {\displaystyle I} . [ 1 ]
This updating is an important part of the disjoint-set forest's amortized performance guarantee. There are several algorithms for Find that achieve the asymptotically optimal time complexity. One family of algorithms, known as path compression, makes every node between the query node and the root point to the root. Path compression can be ...
A partition of a set X is a set of non-empty subsets of X such that every element x in X is in exactly one of these subsets [2] (i.e., the subsets are nonempty mutually disjoint sets). Equivalently, a family of sets P is a partition of X if and only if all of the following conditions hold: [3]
In this way, the disjoint union construction provides a way of viewing any family of sets indexed by as a set "fibered" over , and conversely, for any set : fibered over , we can view it as the disjoint union of the fibers of . Jacobs has referred to these two perspectives as "display indexing" and "pointwise indexing".
In combinatorics, a laminar set family is a set family in which each pair of sets are either disjoint or related by containment. [1] [2] Formally, a set family {S 1, S 2, ...} is called laminar if for every i, j, the intersection of S i and S j is either empty, or equals S i, or equals S j. Let E be a ground-set of elements.