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1860 engraving depicting the performing horse Marocco. A significant portion of medieval technical literature consists of treatises on veterinary care. [S 11] Arab and Muslim scholars made notable contributions to the knowledge of equine medicine, education, [5] and training, in part due to the contributions of the translator Ibn Akhî Hizâm, who wrote around 895, [6] and Ibn al-Awam, who ...
This was an idea that gained more attention in the early 2000s, while many of the experiments conducted in earlier research focused on the stress-inducing factors of social interaction. [67] Social buffering has been observed in a wide range of animals, including guinea pigs, [68] horses, [69] rhesus monkeys, [70] and pigs. [71]
Social learning refers to learning that is facilitated by observation of, or interaction with, another animal or its products. [1] Social learning has been observed in a variety of animal taxa , [ 2 ] [ 3 ] such as insects , [ 4 ] fish , [ 5 ] birds , [ 6 ] reptiles , amphibians [ 7 ] and mammals (including primates [ 8 ] ).
One such mouse model is the heterozygous removal of the EGF-like domain on neuregulin 1, these models are called Nrg1(ΔEGF) +/− mice. Nrg1(ΔEGF) +/− mice have been shown to have social interaction problems, reduced prepulse of inhibition and greater spontaneous locomotion.
In addition to primates, animals such as deer, cows, horses, voles, mice, meerkats, coatis, lions, birds, and bats also form social bonds through grooming behavior. [12] Indian short-nosed fruit bats in a tight-knit cluster. Social grooming may also serve to establish and recognize mates or amorous partners.
Image credits: historycoolkids The History Cool Kids Instagram account has amassed an impressive 1.5 million followers since its creation in 2016. But the page’s success will come as no surprise ...
Conditioned place preference (CPP) is a form of Pavlovian conditioning used to measure the motivational effects of objects or experiences. [1] This motivation comes from the pleasurable aspect of the experience, so that the brain can be reminded of the context that surrounded the "encounter". [2]
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