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Under the distribution semantics, a probabilistic logic program defines a probability distribution over interpretations of its predicates on its Herbrand universe. The probability of a ground query is then obtained from the joint distribution of the query and the worlds: it is the sum of the probability of the worlds where the query is true. [2 ...
The measurable space and the probability measure arise from the random variables and expectations by means of well-known representation theorems of analysis. One of the important features of the algebraic approach is that apparently infinite-dimensional probability distributions are not harder to formalize than finite-dimensional ones.
PPLs often extend from a basic language. For instance, Turing.jl [12] is based on Julia, Infer.NET is based on .NET Framework, [13] while PRISM extends from Prolog. [14] However, some PPLs, such as WinBUGS, offer a self-contained language that maps closely to the mathematical representation of the statistical models, with no obvious origin in another programming language.
National Language Authority in Pakistan has been at the forefront in introducing Urdu Informatics as a tool for the standardisation of Urdu language. [1] Major steps in this respect include the development of Urdu keyboard and launching of software to automate translations between Urdu and English languages. [2]
The probability distribution of the sum of two or more independent random variables is the convolution of their individual distributions. The term is motivated by the fact that the probability mass function or probability density function of a sum of independent random variables is the convolution of their corresponding probability mass functions or probability density functions respectively.
The definition of a halting probability relies on the existence of a prefix-free universal computable function. Such a function, intuitively, represents a program in a programming language with the property that no valid program can be obtained as a proper extension of another valid program.
The Urdu Dictionary Board (Urdu: اردو لغت بورڈ, romanized: Urdu Lughat Board) is an academic and literary institution of Pakistan, administered by National History and Literary Heritage Division of the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. Its objective is to edit and publish a comprehensive dictionary of the Urdu language.
This rule allows one to express a joint probability in terms of only conditional probabilities. [4] The rule is notably used in the context of discrete stochastic processes and in applications, e.g. the study of Bayesian networks, which describe a probability distribution in terms of conditional probabilities.