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The Edoid languages are a few dozen languages spoken in Southern Nigeria, predominantly in the former Bendel State. [1] The name Edoid derives from its most widely spoken member, Edo , the language of Benin City , which has 30 million native and secondary speakers.
Most of the Edo language-speakers live in the Southern parts of Edo State, Nigeria. The current state: Edo State derives its name from the Edo speaking people of the state. A smaller number of Edo speakers are also found in Delta State and Ondo State and in other parts of Nigeria. Edo is an Edoid language.
Esan is a tonal Edoid language of Nigeria. Dictionaries and grammar texts of the Esan language are being produced. There are many dialects, including Ogwa, Ẹkpoma (Ekuma), Ebhossa (okhuesan) (Ewossa), Ewohimi, Ewu, Ewatto, Ebelle, Igueben, Irrua, Ohordua, Uromi, Uzea, Ubiaja and Ugboha. [2]
According to the language family tree classification by Ethnologue, Okpe, Urhobo and Uvwie, alongside Eruwa and Isoko, make up the five Southwestern Edoid languages of the Benue-Congo group. Quoting Johnstone (1993), Ethnologue puts the population of Urhobo people at 546,000, Okpe 25,400 (2000) and Uvwie 19,800 (2000).
Esan has various dialects all of which stem from Bini and there is still close affinity between the Esan and the Benin people, which led to the common saying "Esan ii gbi Ẹdo" meaning, Esan does not harm the Ẹdo (i.e. Bini). There have been other translation of that saying, Esan gbe Edo which means Esan have conquered Bini.
Ghotuo (also Otwa, Otuo) is a North Central Edoid language spoken in Edo State, [2] mostly in the Owan and Akoko-Edo areas of Edo state, Nigeria. Grammar
Edo state was formerly part of the old Bendel state of early post-colonial Nigeria, also known as the Mid-Western Region, Nigeria. This region's influence and culture reflect those of the Edo, Urhobo, Esan and other Edo related peoples. [8] There are also 18 local government areas in Edo.
Ikhin, or Arokho, is an Edoid language of Edo State, Nigeria. [1] Ikhin is spoken in the Ikhin area of Owan East LGA, Edo State. Its phonology and lexicon have been described in two University of Ibadan linguistics dissertations. [2] [3]