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In addition to increased accuracy, the development of chip-scale atomic clocks has expanded the number of places atomic clocks can be used. In August 2004, NIST scientists demonstrated a chip-scale atomic clock that was 100 times smaller than an ordinary atomic clock and had a much smaller power consumption of 125 mW .
The clock took fewer than four years to test and build, and was developed by Steve Jefferts and Dawn Meekhof of the Time and Frequency Division of NIST's Physical Measurement Laboratory. [1] The clock replaced NIST-7, a cesium beam atomic clock used from 1993 to 1999. NIST-F1 is ten times more accurate than NIST-7.
NIST-F1, a cesium fountain atomic clock used since 1999, has a fractional inaccuracy (δf / f) of less than 5 × 10 −16. The planned performance of NIST-F2 is δ f / f < 1 × 10 −16 . [ 3 ] At this planned performance level the NIST-F2 clock will not gain or lose a second in at least 300 million years.
Calling a clock the most accurate ever may sound like hyperbole, but physicists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Boulder, Colorado have built a pair of devices that can ...
The caesium atomic clock maintained by NIST is accurate to 30 billionths of a second per year. [206] Atomic clocks have employed other elements, such as hydrogen and rubidium vapor, offering greater stability (in the case of hydrogen clocks) and smaller size, lower power consumption, and thus lower cost (in the case of rubidium clocks). [206]
Accuracy Location Image CS1 [1] ... 18 cesium atomic clocks and 4 hydrogen maser clocks Cs, H National Institute of Information and Communications Technology;