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The Dieckmann condensation, where a molecule with two ester groups reacts intramolecularly, forming a cyclic β-keto ester. In this case, the ring formed must not be strained, usually a 5- or 6-membered chain or ring. Retro-Claisen condensation is the reverse of the title reaction, i.e., the base-induced cleavage of 2-ketoesters
Oxaloacetic acid (also known as oxalacetic acid or OAA) is a crystalline organic compound with the chemical formula HO 2 CC(O)CH 2 CO 2 H. Oxaloacetic acid, in the form of its conjugate base oxaloacetate, is a metabolic intermediate in many processes that occur in animals.
They generally form by the Claisen condensation. The presence of the keto group at the beta position allows them to easily undergo thermal decarboxylation. [7] Gamma-keto acids, Gamma-ketoacids, or 4-oxoacids have the ketone group at the third carbon from the carboxylic acid. Levulinic acid is an example.
Claisen may refer to: Rainer Ludwig Claisen, a German chemist Claisen rearrangement, a reaction of a allyl vinyl ether to a γ,δ-unsaturated carbonyl; Claisen condensation, a reaction between esters and carbonyl compounds in the presence of a strong base; Ireland–Claisen rearrangement, a chemical reaction of an allylic ester with strong base
ATP citrate lyase catalyses the Mg.ATP-dependent, CoA-dependent cleavage of citrate into oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA, a key step in the reductive tricarboxylic acid pathway of CO 2 assimilation used by a variety of autotrophic bacteria and archaea to fix carbon dioxide. [4] ATP citrate lyase is composed of two distinct subunits.
Condensation reactions likely played major roles in the synthesis of the first biotic molecules including early peptides and nucleic acids. In fact, condensation reactions would be required at multiple steps in RNA oligomerization: the condensation of nucleobases and sugars, nucleoside phosphorylation, and nucleotide polymerization. [6]
Ketonic decarboxylation (also known as decarboxylative ketonization) is a type of organic reaction and a decarboxylation converting two equivalents of a carboxylic acid (R−C(=O)OH) to a symmetric ketone (R 2 C=O) by the application of heat. It can be thought of as a decarboxylative Claisen condensation of two identical molecules.
The reaction is known as the Claisen reaction and was described by Claisen for the first time in 1890. Discovered the thermally induced rearrangement of allyl phenyl ether in 1912. He details its reaction mechanism in his last scientific publication (1925). In his honor, the reaction has been named the Claisen rearrangement.