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Sea snakes, or coral reef snakes, are elapid snakes that inhabit marine environments for most or all of their lives. They belong to two subfamilies, Hydrophiinae and Laticaudinae . Hydrophiinae also includes Australasian terrestrial snakes, whereas Laticaudinae only includes the sea kraits ( Laticauda ), of which three species are found ...
Sea snakes are a monophyletic group (Hydrophiinae) that diverged from the front-fanged Australasian venomous snakes about 10 million years ago. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] The yellow-bellied sea snake is a part of the rapidly radiating Hydrophis group.
Hydrophis belcheri, commonly known as the faint-banded sea snake or Belcher's sea snake, is an extremely venomous species of sea snake. It has a timid temperament and would normally have to be subjected to severe mistreatment before biting.
The Common death adder (Acanthophis antarcticus) is a highly venomous snake species with a 50–60% untreated mortality rate. [87] It is also the fastest striking venomous snake in the world. [88] A death adder can go from a strike position, to strike and envenoming their prey, and back to strike position again, in less than 0.15 seconds. [88]
In general, sea snakes are able to respire through their skin. Experiments with the yellow-bellied sea snake, Hydrophis platurus, have shown that this species can satisfy about 20% of its oxygen requirements in this manner, allowing for prolonged dives. The sea kraits (Laticauda spp.) are the sea snakes least adapted to aquatic life. Their ...
A hook-nosed sea snake seen on Arossim Beach, South Goa, India. This snake was found in a fishing net and later released to the sea. Hydrophis schistosus, commonly known as the beaked sea snake, hook-nosed sea snake, common sea snake, or the Valakadeyan sea snake, is a highly venomous species of sea snake common throughout the tropical Indo-Pacific.
The black-banded sea krait (Laticauda semifasciata), also known commonly as the Chinese sea snake or erabu, is a largely amphibious species of venomous marine reptile in the subfamily Laticaudinae, family Elapidae (cobras, mambas, coralsnakes and their kin). It is found in much of the western Pacific Ocean and some of the Sea of Japan.
The fangs are 1.8 mm long, which are relatively short for a snake, and the venom yield is 0.43 mg. [10] Aipysurus duboisii is a crepuscular species, meaning that it is most active at dawn and dusk. [11] It is the most venomous sea snake, and one of the top three most venomous snakes in the world. [12] [13] [14]