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The factorial number system is sometimes defined with the 0! place omitted because it is always zero (sequence A007623 in the OEIS). In this article, a factorial number representation will be flagged by a subscript "!". In addition, some examples will have digits delimited by a colon. For example, 3:4:1:0:1:0! stands for
Every sequence of digits, in any base, is the sequence of initial digits of some factorial number in that base. [60] Another result on divisibility of factorials, Wilson's theorem, states that ()! + is divisible by if and only if is a prime number. [52]
The Kempner function () of an arbitrary number is the maximum, over the prime powers dividing , of (). [4] When n {\displaystyle n} is itself a prime power p e {\displaystyle p^{e}} , its Kempner function may be found in polynomial time by sequentially scanning the multiples of p {\displaystyle p} until finding the first one whose factorial ...
When the variable is a positive integer, the number () is equal to the number of n-permutations from a set of x items, that is, the number of ways of choosing an ordered list of length n consisting of distinct elements drawn from a collection of size .
Dice are an example of a mechanical hardware random number generator. When a cubical die is rolled, a random number from 1 to 6 is obtained. Random number generation is a process by which, often by means of a random number generator (RNG), a sequence of numbers or symbols is generated that cannot be reasonably predicted better than by random chance.
For example, in the factorial function, properly the base case is 0! = 1, while immediately returning 1 for 1! is a short circuit, and may miss 0; this can be mitigated by a wrapper function. The box shows C code to shortcut factorial cases 0 and 1.
A natural number is a sociable factorion if it is a periodic point for , where = for a positive integer, and forms a cycle of period . A factorion is a sociable factorion with k = 1 {\displaystyle k=1} , and a amicable factorion is a sociable factorion with k = 2 {\displaystyle k=2} .
In mathematics, trailing zeros are a sequence of 0 in the decimal representation (or more generally, in any positional representation) of a number, after which no other digits follow. Trailing zeros to the right of a decimal point , as in 12.340, don't affect the value of a number and may be omitted if all that is of interest is its numerical ...