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In mathematics, the Pythagorean theorem or Pythagoras' theorem is a fundamental relation in Euclidean geometry between the three sides of a right triangle.It states that the area of the square whose side is the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the areas of the squares on the other two sides.
The Kepler triangle is a right triangle whose sides are in geometric progression. If the sides are formed from the geometric progression a, ar, ar 2 then its common ratio r is given by r = √ φ where φ is the golden ratio. Its sides are therefore in the ratio 1 : √ φ : φ. Thus, the shape of the Kepler triangle is uniquely determined (up ...
The three sides of a right triangle are related by the Pythagorean theorem, which in modern algebraic notation can be written a 2 + b 2 = c 2 , {\displaystyle a^{2}+b^{2}=c^{2},} where c {\displaystyle c} is the length of the hypotenuse (side opposite the right angle), and a {\displaystyle a} and b {\displaystyle b} are the lengths of the legs ...
The Pythagorean theorem, and hence this length, can also be derived from the law of cosines in trigonometry. In a right triangle, the cosine of an angle is the ratio of the leg adjacent of the angle and the hypotenuse. For a right angle γ (gamma), where the adjacent leg equals 0, the cosine of γ also equals 0.
Heron's formula can be obtained from Brahmagupta's formula or Bretschneider's formula by setting one of the sides of the quadrilateral to zero. Brahmagupta's formula gives the area K {\displaystyle K} of a cyclic quadrilateral whose sides have lengths a , {\displaystyle a,} b , {\displaystyle b,} c , {\displaystyle c ...
The oldest and most elementary definitions are based on the geometry of right triangles and the ratio between their sides. The proofs given in this article use these definitions, and thus apply to non-negative angles not greater than a right angle. For greater and negative angles, see Trigonometric functions.
In this way, this trigonometric identity involving the tangent and the secant follows from the Pythagorean theorem. The angle opposite the leg of length 1 (this angle can be labeled φ = π/2 − θ) has cotangent equal to the length of the other leg, and cosecant equal to the length of the hypotenuse. In that way, this trigonometric identity ...
Chapter 13 relates Pythagorean triangles to rational points on a unit circle, Chapter 14 discusses right triangles whose sides are unit fractions rather than integers, and Chapter 15 is about the Euler brick problem, a three-dimensional generalization of Pythagorean triangles, and related problems on integer-sided tetrahedra.