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In 1758, the Swedish botanist and zoologist Carl Linnaeus assigned the genus name Canis (which is the Latin word for "dog") [13] to the domestic dog, the wolf, and the golden jackal in his book, Systema Naturae. He classified the domestic dog as Canis familiaris and, on the next page, classified the grey wolf as Canis lupus. [2]
One authority has classified the Paleolithic dog as Canis cf. familiaris [1] (where cf. is a Latin term meaning uncertain, as in Canis believed to be familiaris).Previously in 1969, a study of ancient mammoth-bone dwellings at the Mezine paleolithic site in the Chernigov region, Ukraine uncovered 3 possibly domesticated "short-faced wolves".
The dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a domesticated descendant of the wolf. Also called the domestic dog , it was selectively bred from an extinct population of wolves during the Late Pleistocene by hunter-gatherers .
The taxonomic classification of Canis lupus in Mammal Species of the World (3rd edition, 2005) listed 27 subspecies of North American wolf, [7] corresponding to the 24 Canis lupus subspecies and the three Canis rufus subspecies of Hall (1981). [1] The table below shows the extant subspecies, with the extinct ones listed in the following section.
Canis familiaris dingo Meyer, 1793 [4] Dingo on the beach at Fraser Island , Queensland The dingo (either included in the species Canis familiaris , or considered one of the following independent taxa : Canis familiaris dingo , Canis dingo , or Canis lupus dingo ) is an ancient ( basal ) lineage of dog [ 5 ] [ 6 ] found in Australia .
Sometimes a genus name or specific descriptor is simply the Latin or Greek name for the animal (e.g. Canis is Latin for dog). These words may not be included in the table below if they only occur for one or two taxa.
Heller's names and the designations he gave to various jackal species and subspecies live on in current taxonomy, although the genus has been changed from Thos to Canis. [5] The wolf-like canids are a group of large carnivores that are genetically closely related. They all have 78 chromosomes. The group includes genus Canis, Cuon, and Lycaon.
This was followed by an explosion of Canis evolution across Eurasia in the Early Pleistocene around 1.8 million YBP in what is commonly referred to as the wolf event. It is associated with the formation of the mammoth steppe and continental glaciation. Canis spread to Europe in the forms of C. arnensis, C. etruscus, and C. falconeri. [1]: p148