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The concentration is measured in weight of agarose over volume of buffer used (g/ml). For a standard agarose gel electrophoresis, a 0.8% gel gives good separation or resolution of large 5–10kb DNA fragments, while 2% gel gives good resolution for small 0.2–1kb fragments. 1% gels is often used for a standard electrophoresis. [25]
The lower the concentration of the gel, the larger the pore size, and the larger the DNA that can be sieved. However low-concentration gels (0.1 - 0.2%) are fragile and therefore hard to handle, and the electrophoresis of large DNA molecules can take several days. The limit of resolution for standard agarose gel electrophoresis is around 750 kb ...
For a standard agarose gel electrophoresis, 0.7% gel concentration gives good separation or resolution of large 5–10kb DNA fragments, while 2% gel concentration gives good resolution for small 0.2–1kb fragments.
"Most agarose gels are made with between 0.7% (good separation or resolution of large 5–10kb DNA fragments) and 2% (good resolution for small 0.2–1kb fragments) agarose dissolved in electrophoresis buffer.
A molecular-weight size marker in the form of a 1kb DNA ladder in the rightmost lane, used in gel electrophoresis. Gel conditions are 1% agarose, 3 volt/cm, and ethidium bromide stain.
In 1% agarose gels, xylene cyanol migrates at about the same rate as a 4 to 5 kilobase pair DNA fragment, [1] although this depends on the buffer used. Xylene cyanol on a 6% polyacrylamide gel migrates at the speed of a 140 base pair DNA fragment.