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The Turkish alphabet (Turkish: Türk alfabesi) is a Latin-script alphabet used for writing the Turkish language, consisting of 29 letters, seven of which (Ç, Ğ, I, İ, Ö, Ş and Ü) have been modified from their Latin originals for the phonetic requirements of the language.
Common Turkic alphabet with 34 letters, as devised at the Turkic World Common Alphabet Commission in September 2024 [5] The Tatar Latin script, introduced in September 1999 and canceled in January 2005, used a slightly different set of additional letters (ŋ instead of ñ, ə instead of ä), and the letter ɵ instead of Turkish ö.
Ottoman Turkish script was replaced by the Latin-based new Turkish alphabet.Its use became compulsory in all public communications in 1929. [6] [7] The change was formalized by the Law on the Adoption and Implementation of the Turkish Alphabet, [8] passed on November 1, 1928, and effective on January 1, 1929.
Turkish now has an alphabet suited to the sounds of the language: the spelling is largely phonemic, with one letter corresponding to each phoneme. [82] Most of the letters are used approximately as in English, the main exceptions being c , which denotes [dʒ] ( j being used for the [ʒ] found in Persian and European loans); and the undotted ı ...
The New Turkic Alphabet (Yañalif) in use in the 1930s USSR (Latin) The Common Turkic Alphabet , proposed by Turkic Council to unify scripts in Turkic languages (Latin) Current languages
Examples of the Orkhon-Yenisei alphabet are depicted on the reverse of the Azerbaijani 5 manat banknote issued since 2006. [21] Oldest known Turkic alphabet listings, Ryukoku and Toyok manuscripts. Toyok manuscript transliterates Turkic alphabet into the Old Uyghur alphabet. Per Кызласов, Игорь Леонидович [in Russian] (1994).
It was written in the Ottoman Turkish alphabet. Ottoman Turkish was largely unintelligible to the less-educated lower-class and to rural Turks, who continued to use kaba Türkçe ("raw/vulgar Turkish"; compare Vulgar Latin and Demotic Greek), which used far fewer foreign loanwords and is the basis of the modern standard. [3]
The letter Ü is present in the Hungarian, Turkish, Uyghur Latin, Estonian, Azeri, Turkmen, Crimean Tatar, Kazakh Latin and Tatar Latin alphabets, where it represents a close front rounded vowel [y]. It is considered a distinct letter, collated separately, not a simple modification of U or Y, and is distinct from UE .