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Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of movement disorders that appear in early childhood. [1] Signs and symptoms vary among people and over time, [1] [3] but include poor coordination, stiff muscles, weak muscles, and tremors. [1]
Spastic cerebral palsy is caused by malformation of or damage to the parts of the brain that control movement. [12] What exactly makes some children susceptible to such brain damage is often unknown but it is believed that cerebral palsy may be the result of causal pathways, or chains of events that cause or increase the likelihood of brain injury. [13]
Unusually, cerebral palsy, including spastic cerebral palsy, is notable for a glaring overall research deficiency - the fact that it is one of the very few major groups of conditions on the planet in human beings for which medical science has not yet (as of 2011) collected wide-ranging empirical data on the development and experiences of young ...
Developmental disability is a diverse group of chronic conditions, comprising mental or physical impairments that arise before adulthood. Developmental disabilities cause individuals living with them many difficulties in certain areas of life, especially in "language, mobility, learning, self-help, and independent living". [1]
The incidence of cerebral palsy has increased in the past 40 years. It has been estimated that, in the United States, cerebral palsy occurs in four out of every 1000 births. [11] Of those births, about 20–30% have spastic hemiplegia. Overall, spasticity is the more common type of cerebral palsy and non-spastic cerebral palsy is less common.
Cerebral palsy, in which lesions (damaged areas) may impair motor coordination; Senile dementia, fronto-temporal dementia, and vascular dementia; Pick's disease, causes progressive destruction of nerve cells in the brain; Huntington's disease, and other genetic disorders that cause build-up of toxic levels of proteins in neurons
Angelman syndrome, autism, cerebral palsy, childhood disintegrative disorder, various neurodegenerative disorders [6] Treatment: Special education, physiotherapy, braces [5] Medication: Anticonvulsants [5] Prognosis: Life expectancy for many is middle age. [5] Frequency: 1 in 8,500 females [4] Lethal in males, with rare exceptions.
Damage to the developing oligodendrocytes near the cerebral ventricles causes cerebral palsy as well as other demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis and leukodystrophies. Demyelination reduces the speed of conduction in affected nerves resulting in disabilities in cognition, sensation, and motor.
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