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A tectonic earthquake begins by an initial rupture at a point on the fault surface, a process known as nucleation. The scale of the nucleation zone is uncertain, with some evidence, such as the rupture dimensions of the smallest earthquakes, suggesting that it is smaller than 100 m while other evidence, such as a slow component revealed by low-frequency spectra of some earthquakes, suggest ...
Earthquakes are caused mostly by the rupture of geological faults but also by other events such as volcanic activity, landslides, mine blasts, fracking and nuclear tests. An earthquake's point of initial rupture is called its hypocenter or focus. The epicenter is the point at ground level directly above the hypocenter.
Surface rupture caused by normal faulting along the Lost River Fault, during the 1983 Borah Peak earthquake. In seismology, surface rupture (or ground rupture, or ground displacement) is the visible offset of the ground surface when an earthquake rupture along a fault affects the Earth's surface.
The earthquake ruptured within a fault zone known as the Ramapo system, Simons said. It’s a zone in relatively ancient rock that contains old faults and cracks from ancient tectonic processes ...
The quake ruptured on a small section of a fault associated with the Puente Hills thrust fault system, which has long been cited as a major seismic hazard for Southern California because it runs ...
This earthquake ruptured bilaterally for a length of 170 km within the Bayan Har block. [29] 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes, M w 7.8 and 7.6 earthquakes in Turkey. Supershear rupture initiated along both mainshocks, [30] with the latter attaining a maximum velocity of 4.8 km (3.0 mi) per second. [31]
A section between Monterey County and San Bernardino County ruptured 166 years ago, and another portion ruptured in the great San Francisco earthquake 117 years ago.
The earthquake rupture occurred along a 18 km (11 mi) fault; it mainly propagated in a northwesternly direction along the fault's strike from the hypocenter. Slip was observed at 5–15 km (3.1–9.3 mi) depth suggesting a buried rupture with no slip at the surface. The enture rupture process took 12 seconds.