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Thus the left side gives GDP by the income method, and the right side gives GDP by the expenditure method. The GDP is given on the bottom line of both sides of the report. GDP must have the same value on both sides of the account. This is because income and expenditure are defined in a way that forces them to be equal (see accounting identity ...
Extractives and Regulated Financial Services are excluded. Tax base determination: The relevant measure of profit or loss of the in-scope MNE will be determined by reference to financial accounting income, with a small number of adjustments. Losses will be carried forward.
The total value produced by the economy is the sum of the values-added by every industry. The expenditure method is based on the idea that all products are bought by somebody or some organisation. Therefore, we sum up the total amount of money people and organisations spend in buying things. This amount must equal the value of everything produced.
The gross national income (GNI), previously known as gross national product (GNP), is the total amount of factor incomes earned by the residents of a country. It is equal to gross domestic product (GDP), plus factor incomes received from non-resident by residents, minus factor income paid by residents to non-resident.
In UNSNA, "implicit (imputed) rents" on land owned by the enterprise and the "implicit (imputed) interest" chargeable on the use of the enterprise's own funds are excluded from operating surplus. Operating surplus also excludes property incomes considered to be unrelated to value-adding production.
For major shareholders (over 5%) there is a different tax scheme, based on the actual dividend (in addition to the profit tax paid by the company). In Norway dividends are taxed as capital gains, at a flat 31.7% tax rate. However a "shelter deduction" is applied to the dividend income to compensate for the lost interest income.
Profit: Profit represents the share of a company's capital that belongs to entrepreneurs. In the personal income formula, dividends are used to account for profit. Dividends typically make up 2% to 4% of personal income. Additionally, two types of business profit are not distributed: retained earnings and corporate taxes on gains.
In economics, gross value added (GVA) is the measure of the value of goods and services produced in an area, industry or sector of an economy. "Gross value added is the value of output minus the value of intermediate consumption; it is a measure of the contribution to GDP made by an individual producer, industry or sector; gross value added is the source from which the primary incomes of the ...