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Transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap [5] Musculocutaneous: Free flap: Free flap breast reconstruction: Transverse upper gracillis (TUG) flap: Musculocutaneous: Free flap: Free flap breast reconstruction: V-Y advancement flap: Cutaneous: Advancement: Rhinoplasty: Worthen forehead flap: Cutaneous: Rotation: Forehead excisions ...
Flaps can be classified by the content of the tissue within them. Cutaneous flaps contain the full thickness of the skin, fat, and superficial fascia and are used to fill small defects. These are typically supplied by a random blood supply. Examples include Z-plasty, deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps, and V-Y advancement flaps. [2]
The surgeon can perform the simplest technique by making a horizontal incision and closing along the longitudinal axis. However, the methods that give patients higher satisfaction are the single or double Z-plasty or V-Y advancement flap because they also can increase the penile length. [15]
Different kinds of transpositions to close the defect with adjacent skin are possible: V-Y, Z, pinwheel flaps, advancement flaps, Orticochea flaps and rotation flaps. All these transpositions generate tension of the skin and may distort hair lines.
A forehead is called short when it is shorter than 4.5 cm. When using the forehead flap on a short forehead, there are multiple ways to get the length that is needed. [1] [3] First, the turning point of the flap can be moved down, so that the base of the flap is closer to the nasal defect and a shorter flap can be used to reach the nasal defect ...
It is a perforator flap with a skin island, which is separated in a larger and smaller paddle by the nourishing perforator. These paddles can rotate around the perforator (pedicle), for as many degrees as the anatomical situation requires (90-180 degrees). This flap looks like a propeller when the two paddles are not too different in size. [14]
The buccal advancement flap is the most commonly used due to its simplicity, reliability and versatility. [17] It involves cutting a broad based trapezoid shaped mucoperiosteal flap with two vertical incisions. [17] The flap is cut buccally, is three sided and extends to the full depth of the sulcus. [1]
The transposition of two triangular flaps. The incisions are designed to create a Z shape with the central limb aligned with the part of the scar that needs lengthening or re-aligning. The traditional 60° angle Z-plasty will give a theoretical lengthening of the central limb of 75%. [1] Single or multiple z-plasties can be used.