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P1PK (formerly: P) is a human blood group system (International Society of Blood Transfusion system 003) based upon the A4GALT gene on chromosome 22. The P antigen (later renamed P1) was first described by Karl Landsteiner and Philip Levine in 1927. [1] The P1PK blood group system consists of three glycosphingolipid antigens: P k, P1 and NOR.
This technique primarily utilizes fluorophores to visualize the location of the antibodies, while others provoke a color change in the environment containing the antigen of interest or make use of a radioactive label. Immunofluorescent techniques that utilized labelled antibodies was conceptualized in the 1940s by Albert H. Coons. [2] [6] [7]
This process is known as stimulated emission. In a group of such atoms, if the number of atoms in the excited state is given by N 2, the rate at which stimulated emission occurs is given by = = where the proportionality constant B 21 is known as the Einstein B coefficient for that particular transition, and ρ(ν) is the radiation density of ...
The term human blood group systems is defined by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) as systems in the human species where cell-surface antigens—in particular, those on blood cells—are "controlled at a single gene locus or by two or more very closely linked homologous genes with little or no observable recombination between them", [1] and include the common ABO and Rh ...
Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy is one of the techniques that make up super-resolution microscopy. It creates super-resolution images by the selective deactivation of fluorophores , minimizing the area of illumination at the focal point, and thus enhancing the achievable resolution for a given system. [ 1 ]
A complete blood type would describe each of the 45 blood groups, and an individual's blood type is one of many possible combinations of blood-group antigens. [3] Almost always, an individual has the same blood group for life, but very rarely an individual's blood type changes through addition or suppression of an antigen in infection, malignancy, or autoimmune disease.
Glomus type I cells are peripheral chemoreceptors which sense the oxygen, carbon dioxide and pH levels of the blood. When there is a decrease in the blood's pH , a decrease in oxygen (pO 2 ), or an increase in carbon dioxide ( pCO 2 ), the carotid bodies and the aortic bodies signal the dorsal respiratory group in the medulla oblongata to ...
Schematic diagram of atomic stimulated emission. Stimulated emission (also known as induced emission) is the process by which an electron is induced to jump from a higher energy level to a lower one by the presence of electromagnetic radiation at (or near) the frequency of the transition. From the thermodynamic viewpoint, this process must be ...