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  2. String metric - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_metric

    In mathematics and computer science, a string metric (also known as a string similarity metric or string distance function) is a metric that measures distance ("inverse similarity") between two text strings for approximate string matching or comparison and in fuzzy string searching.

  3. Semantic similarity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_similarity

    Semantic similarity is a metric defined over a set of documents or terms, where the idea of distance between items is based on the likeness of their meaning or semantic content [citation needed] as opposed to lexicographical similarity. These are mathematical tools used to estimate the strength of the semantic relationship between units of ...

  4. Levenshtein distance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenshtein_distance

    In information theory, linguistics, and computer science, the Levenshtein distance is a string metric for measuring the difference between two sequences. The Levenshtein distance between two words is the minimum number of single-character edits (insertions, deletions or substitutions) required to change one word into the other.

  5. Edit distance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edit_distance

    A similar algorithm for approximate string matching is the bitap algorithm, also defined in terms of edit distance. Levenshtein automata are finite-state machines that recognize a set of strings within bounded edit distance of a fixed reference string.

  6. Similarity measure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Similarity_measure

    Another commonly used similarity measure is the Jaccard index or Jaccard similarity, which is used in clustering techniques that work with binary data such as presence/absence data [3] or Boolean data; The Jaccard similarity is particularly useful for clustering techniques that work with text data, where it can be used to identify clusters of ...

  7. Jaro–Winkler distance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaro–Winkler_distance

    The higher the Jaro–Winkler distance for two strings is, the less similar the strings are. The score is normalized such that 0 means an exact match and 1 means there is no similarity. The original paper actually defined the metric in terms of similarity, so the distance is defined as the inversion of that value (distance = 1 − similarity).

  8. Okapi BM25 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okapi_BM25

    BM25F [5] [2] (or the BM25 model with Extension to Multiple Weighted Fields [6]) is a modification of BM25 in which the document is considered to be composed from several fields (such as headlines, main text, anchor text) with possibly different degrees of importance, term relevance saturation and length normalization.

  9. Gestalt pattern matching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestalt_Pattern_Matching

    The similarity of two strings and is determined by this formula: twice the number of matching characters divided by the total number of characters of both strings. The matching characters are defined as some longest common substring [3] plus recursively the number of matching characters in the non-matching regions on both sides of the longest common substring: [2] [4]

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