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Needle sharing is the practice of intravenous drug-users by which a needle or syringe is shared by multiple individuals to administer intravenous drugs such as heroin, steroids, and hormones. [1] This is a primary vector for blood-borne diseases which can be transmitted through blood (blood-borne pathogens). [ 2 ]
A blood-borne disease is a disease that can be spread through contamination by blood and other body fluids. Blood can contain pathogens of various types, chief among which are microorganisms , like bacteria and parasites , and non-living infectious agents such as viruses .
Contamination of the needle used for injection, or reuse of needles for injections in multiple people, can lead to transmission of hepatitis B and C, HIV, and other bloodstream infections. [33] [34] [35] Injection drug users have high rates of unsafe needle use including sharing needles between people. [36]
Fragment of a hypodermic needle stuck inside the arm of an IV drug user (x-ray). Drug injection is a method of introducing a drug into the bloodstream via a hollow hypodermic needle, which is pierced through the skin into the body (usually intravenously, but also at an intramuscular or subcutaneous, location).
“The event or death may have been related to the underlying disease being treated, may have been caused by some other product being used at the same time, or may have occurred for other reasons.” The Times story also cited a buprenorphine study by researchers in Sweden that looked at “100 autopsies where buprenorphine had been detected.”
The transfer of and exposure to bodily fluids, such as blood transfusions and other blood products, sharing injection needles, needle-stick injuries (when medical staff are inadvertently jabbed or pricked with needles during medical procedures), sharing tattoo needles, and childbirth are other avenues of transmission.
Giles was facing charges of heroin and drug paraphernalia possession, according to the Texas attorney general. The cause of death was due to a methamphetamine overdose and heart disease, according to the Dallas Morning News. Jail or Agency: Irving City Jail; State: Texas; Date arrested or booked: 4/15/2016; Date of death: 4/17/2016; Age at ...
The disease only affects about six thousand people in the U.S. It tends to run in Ashkenazi Jewish families like mine (it typically occurs in about 1 in 50,000 people, but occurs in nearly 1 in ...