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Reflection seismology, more commonly referred to as "seismic reflection" or abbreviated to "seismic" within the hydrocarbon industry, is used by petroleum geologists and geophysicists to map and interpret potential petroleum reservoirs. The size and scale of seismic surveys has increased alongside the significant increases in computer power ...
Modern seismic reflection surveys are designed and acquired in such a way that the same point on the subsurface is sampled multiple times, with each sample having a different source and receiver location. The seismic data is then carefully processed to preserve seismic amplitudes and accurately determine the spatial coordinates of each sample.
Seismic reflection is a sound wave bounced back from subsurface at the interface between media with different acoustic properties (density and wave velocity). [3] In geology, the reflections normally occur at the contacts between different rocks, for example, between layers of sedimentary rocks (stratification).
Seismic wide-angle reflection and refraction is a technique used in geophysical investigations of Earth's crust and upper mantle.It allows the development of a detailed model of seismic velocities beneath Earth's surface well beyond the reach of exploration boreholes.
In reflection seismology, a seismic attribute is a quantity extracted or derived from seismic data that can be analysed in order to enhance information that might be more subtle in a traditional seismic image, leading to a better geological or geophysical interpretation of the data. [1]
SEG-Y Files are stored in a hierarchical byte-stream format that combines both textual and binary data segments. The following chart shows the byte stream structure of revision 1 (2002), [5] with revision 2 (2017) only adding an optional data trailer for 1 or more 3200-byte records at the end: [6] [7]
A form of migration is one of the standard data processing techniques for reflection-based geophysical methods (seismic reflection and ground-penetrating radar) The need for migration has been understood since the beginnings of seismic exploration and the very first seismic reflection data from 1921 were migrated. [ 5 ]
Seismic, well logs and other input data are each represented as a probability density function (PDF), which provides a geostatistical description based on histograms and variograms. Together these define the chances of a particular value at a particular location, and the expected geological scale and composition throughout the modeled area.