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Visually, the tanpura resembles a simplified sitar or similar lute-like instrument, and is likewise crafted out of a gourd or pumpkin. The tanpura does not play a melody , but rather creates a meditative ambience, supporting and sustaining the performance of another musician or vocalist, as well as for musicians accompanying a dance performance.
The modern seven string sitar was created by Allauddin Khan. [19] Sympathetic strings on sitar were first added by Ustad Imdad Khan. [20] The earliest compositional style specifically for the sitar emerged in the mid-eighteenth century, attributed to Firoz Khan, who was either the son or nephew of Khusrau Khan. [21]
The javari of a sitar will be made according to the wishes of the player, either 'open',('khula') with a bright sounding javari-effect, or 'closed' ('band') with a relatively more plain tone, or something in between ('ghol'). The choice depends on the preference of the sitar-player and on the adapted playing style.
[3] The Badachstan dambura is similar to the Turkestani dambura, but it is a bit smaller, and the neck and body are carved from one single piece of (usually mulberry) wood. [3] The Punjabi tanburag is a long-neck lute with a big bowl, and has three metal strings, called tanburag [tanboorag] or dhambura, but also called damburo, or kamach(i). [3]
Sitar is a Persian word meaning three strings. [35] Legends state that Amir Khusro of Delhi Sultanate renamed the Tritantri veena to sitar, but this is unlikely because the list of musical instruments created by Akbar historians makes no mention of sitar or sitariya. [36] The sitar has been popular with Indian Muslim musicians. [37]
[3] Alternatively, the shahrud may have given its name to the sarod. [4] The Persian word šāh-rūd is made up of šāh (shah or king) and rūd (string). [5] Many scholars of Indian classical music believe that the sarod is a combination of the ancient chitravina, the medieval Indian rabab and modern sursingar. [citation needed]
From the point of view of Indian classical music, there were also technical concerns with the harmonium, including its inability to produce slurs, gamaka (playing semi-tone between notes) and meend (slides between notes) which can be done in instruments like sitar and sarod, [2] and the fact that, as a keyboard instrument, it is set to specific ...
Ravi Shankar, a master of the instrument, was the first to make inroads into Western culture with the sitar.. While the sitar had earlier been used in jazz and Indian film music, it was from the 1960s onwards that various pop artists in the Western world began to experiment with incorporating the sitar, a classical Indian stringed instrument, within their compositions.