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The breakthrough in chemical leavening agents occurred in the 1930s with the introduction of monocalcium phosphates (Ca(H 2 PO 4) 2). Other leavening agents developed include sodium aluminium sulfate (NaAl(SO 4) 2 ·12H 2 O), disodium pyrophosphate (Na 2 H 2 P 2 O 7), and sodium aluminium phosphates (NaH 14 Al 3 (PO 4) 8 ·4H 2 O and Na 3 H 15 ...
Disodium pyrophosphate is a popular leavening agent found in baking powders. It combines with sodium bicarbonate to release carbon dioxide: Na 2 H 2 P 2 O 7 + NaHCO 3 → Na 3 HP 2 O 7 + CO 2 + H 2 O. It is available in a variety of grades that affect the speed of its action.
They are leavened primarily by the air that is beaten into the egg whites that they contain. [1] They differ from butter cakes, which contain shortening, and baking powder or baking soda for leavening purposes. Foam cakes are typically airy, light and spongy. [1]
Variations on the basic sponge sometimes add butter or egg yolks to moisten the cake. For Genoise cake, flour and melted butter are added to the egg mixture for a moister cake. [8] The "biscuit" sponge from early American cuisine is made by beating egg yolks with sugar, then alternately folding in whisked egg whites and flour.
Baking powder contains both an acid and a base in dry powdered form, and simply needs a liquid medium in which to react. [5] Other alternative leavening agents are egg whites mechanically beaten to form stiff peaks, as in the case of many waffle recipes, or steam, in the case of cream puffs.
The dairy products in baked goods keep the desserts moist. Many desserts also contain eggs, in order to form custard or to aid in the rising and thickening of a cake-like substance. Egg yolks specifically contribute to the richness of desserts. Egg whites can act as a leavening agent [18] or provide structure. Further innovation in the healthy ...
Baking powder – leavening agent; includes acid and base; Baking soda – food base; Balm, lemon – Balm oil – Balsam of Peru – used in food and drink for flavoring; Barberry – Barley flour – Basil (Ocimum basilicum) – Basil extract – Bay leaves – Beeswax – glazing agent; Beet red – color (red) Beetroot red – color (red)
There is even a famous recipe for this type of cookie that is credited to Martha Washington. An 18th-century recipe from The Compleat Housewife is made by beating three egg whites with milk, flour, sugar and caraway seeds into a stiff paste. They could be made in any shape and baked on baking parchment.