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The only railway use of water-tube boilers in any numbers was the Brotan boiler, invented by Johann Brotan in Austria in 1902, and found in rare examples throughout Europe, although Hungary was a keen user and had around 1,000 of them. Like the Baldwin, it combined a water-tube firebox with a fire-tube barrel.
The move to water-tube boilers had already begun, with designs such as the Babcock & Wilcox or the Belleville. The three-drum arrangement was lighter and more compact for the same power. [1] The new generation of "small-tube" water-tube boilers used water-tubes of around 2 inches (5 cm) diameter, compared to older designs of 3 or 4 inches.
It was already recognised that a water-tube boiler relied on a continuous flow through the water-tubes, and that this must be by a thermosyphon effect rather than impractically requiring a pump. The heated water-tubes were a large number of small diameter tubes mounted between large drums: the water drums below and steam drums above.
A steam drum is a standard feature of a water-tube boiler. It is a reservoir of water/steam at the top end of the water tubes. The drum stores the steam generated in the water tubes and acts as a phase-separator for the steam/water mixture. The difference in densities between hot and cold water helps in the accumulation of the "hotter"-water ...
Climax boiler, arrangement of tubes from above Climax boiler. Spiral water-tube boilers are a family of vertical water-tube boilers. Their steam generating tubes are narrow spiral tubes, arranged in circular fashion around a central vertical water drum. The water tubes are long, numerous and of 2 inches (50 mm) diameter, or smaller.
A hybrid water heater is a water heating system that integrates technology traits from both the tank-type water heaters and the tankless water heaters. [5] It maintains water pressure and consistent supply of hot water across multiple hot water applications, and like its tankless cousins, it is efficient and can supply a continuous flow of hot ...