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Typical lectromechanical Universal Testing Machine Test fixture for three point flex test. A universal testing machine (UTM), also known as a universal tester, [1] universal tensile machine, materials testing machine, materials test frame, is used to test the tensile strength (pulling) and compressive strength (pushing), flexural strength, bending, shear, hardness, and torsion testing ...
A universal testing machine (Hegewald & Peschke) The most common testing machine used in tensile testing is the universal testing machine. This type of machine has two crossheads; one is adjusted for the length of the specimen and the other is driven to apply tension to the test specimen. Testing machines are either electromechanical or ...
The Zwick Roell Group is a manufacturer of static testing machines and systems for materials and components testing used to evaluate the mechanical and physical properties and performance of materials and components. Core static tests carried out with this equipment includes tensile, compression, flexure (also referred to as bend), and cycling.
A laser extensometer is an extensometer capable of performing strain or elongation measurements on certain materials when they are subjected to loading in a tensile testing machine. The principle works by illuminating the specimen surface with a laser , the reflections from the specimen surface are then received by a CCD camera and processed by ...
David Kirkaldy (1820–1897) was a Scottish engineer who pioneered the testing of materials as a service to engineers during the Victorian period. He established a test house in Southwark, London and built a large hydraulic tensile test machine, or tensometer for examining the mechanical properties of components, such as their tensile strength and tensile modulus or stiffness.
It is a generalized form of tensile testing in which the material sample is simultaneously stressed along two perpendicular axes. Typical materials tested in biaxial configuration include metal sheets, [1] silicone elastomers, [2] composites, [3] thin films, [4] textiles [5] and biological soft tissues. [6] An example of a biaxial tensile machine.
The test method for conducting the test usually involves a specified test fixture on a universal testing machine. Details of the test preparation, conditioning, and conduct affect the test results. The sample is placed on two supporting pins a set distance apart. Calculation of the flexural stress
Test fixtures can be set up three different ways: in-line, delegate, and implicit. In-line setup creates the test fixture in the same method as the rest of the test. While in-line setup is the simplest test fixture to create, it leads to duplication when multiple tests require the same initial data.