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Oversaturation of urine with crystals is by far the biggest factor in stone formation in dogs and cats. [3] This oversaturation can be caused by increased excretion of crystals by the kidneys, water reabsorption by the renal tubules resulting in concentration of the urine, and changes in urine pH that influence crystallization.
Struvite urinary stones and crystals form readily in the urine of animals and humans that are infected with ammonia-producing organisms. They are potentiated by alkaline urine and high magnesium excretion (high magnesium/plant-based diets). They also are potentiated by a specific urinary protein in domestic cats.
These cystine crystals were found in the urine sediment of a male dog who presented to the veterinary hospital with a history of chronic stranguria (straining to urinate) and pollakiuria (abnormally increased frequency of urination). A cystotomy was performed and numerous cystoliths (bladder stones) were removed.
Crystalluria refers to crystals found in the urine when performing a urine test. Crystalluria is considered often as a benign condition and as one of the side effects of sulfonamides and penicillins. The main reason for the identification of urinary crystals is to detect the presence of the relatively few abnormal types that may represent a ...
It is more common in male puppies, although female dogs urine mark too. Typically, your puppy will sniff and then raise his leg on vertical surfaces such as fences, bushes and the classic fire ...
BPH is the most common and is found in older intact (not neutered) dogs. Signs include blood in the urine and straining to urinate and defecate. Castration is the treatment of choice. [161] Prostatis can be associated with BPH. Bacteria causing prostatitis include E. coli, Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., and Mycoplasma spp. [162]
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Urine microscopy can reveal needle or envelope-shaped calcium oxalate crystals in the urine which can suggest poisoning; although these crystals may not be present until the late stages of poisoning. [29] Finally, many commercial radiator antifreeze products have fluorescein added to enable radiator leaks to be detected using a Wood's lamp.