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Side effects of these drugs may include but are not limited to: Constipation; Peripheral edema, which can occur in as much as 70% of people receiving calcium channel blocker, is caused by calcium channel blockers' preferential arteriolar or precapillary dilation without commensurate dilation in the venous or postcapillary circulation.
Activated charcoal is recommended if it can be given within an hour or two of taking the calcium channel blockers. [1] In those who have taken an extended release formulation of a CCB but are otherwise doing fine, whole bowel irrigation with polyethylene glycol may be useful. [1] Causing vomiting by the use of medications such as ipecac is not ...
Common side effects include swelling, feeling tired, abdominal pain, and nausea. [10] Serious side effects may include low blood pressure or heart attack. [10] Whether use is safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding is unclear. [2] [10] When used by people with liver problems, and in elderly individuals, doses should be reduced. [10]
It is a potent and mild vasodilator of coronary and peripheral vessels, respectively, [29] which reduces peripheral resistance and afterload, though not as potent as the dihydropyridine (DHP) calcium channel blockers. This results in minimal reflexive sympathetic changes. [citation needed]
The 8th Joint National Committee (JNC-8) recommends calcium channel blockers to be a first-line treatment either as monotherapy or in combination with thiazide-type diuretics, ACEis, or ARBs for all patients regardless of age or race. [7] The ratio of CCBs' anti-proteinuria effect, non-dihydropyridine to dihydropyridine was 30 to −2. [13]
The recommended blood pressure goal is advised as <150/90 mmHg, with thiazide diuretic, CCB, ACEI, or ARB being the first-line medication in the United States. [42] In the revised UK guidelines, calcium-channel blockers are advocated as first line, with targets of clinic readings <150/90, or <145/85 on ambulatory or home blood pressure monitoring.
Antihypertensive agents comprise multiple classes of compounds that are intended to manage hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy aims to maintain a blood pressure goal of <140/90 mmHg in all patients, as well as to prevent the progression or recurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in hypertensive patients with established CVD. [2]
Class IV agents are slow non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers. They decrease conduction through the AV node, and shorten phase two (the plateau) of the cardiac action potential. They thus reduce the contractility of the heart, so may be inappropriate in heart failure.