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Figure 2: A process accessing a shared resource if available, based on some synchronization technique. Another synchronization requirement which needs to be considered is the order in which particular processes or threads should be executed. For example, one cannot board a plane before buying a ticket.
A computer program that runs within a distributed system is called a distributed program, [7] and distributed programming is the process of writing such programs. [8] There are many different types of implementations for the message passing mechanism, including pure HTTP, RPC-like connectors and message queues .
A logical clock is a mechanism for capturing chronological and causal relationships in a distributed system. Often, distributed systems may have no physically synchronous global clock. In many applications (such as distributed GNU make), if two processes never interact, the lack of synchronization is unobservable and in these applications it is ...
Distributed algorithms such as resource synchronization often depend on some method of ordering events to function. For example, consider a system with two processes and a disk. The processes send messages to each other, and also send messages to the disk requesting access. The disk grants access in the order the messages were received.
Transparency or single-system image refers to the ability of an application to treat the system on which it operates without regard to whether it is distributed and without regard to hardware or other implementation details. Many areas of a system can benefit from transparency, including access, location, performance, naming, and migration.
This is the process of comparing the source and destination file systems and ensuring that the destination matches the source. The key benefit is that such solutions are generally free or inexpensive. The downside is that the process of synchronizing them is quite system-intensive, and consequently this process generally runs infrequently.
In a system with a central server, the synchronization solution is trivial; the server will dictate the system time. Cristian's algorithm and the Berkeley algorithm are potential solutions to the clock synchronization problem in this environment. In distributed computing, the problem takes on more complexity because a global time is not easily ...
For example, in a computer, address information is transmitted synchronously—the address bits over the address bus, and the read or write strobes of the control bus. Single-wire synchronous signalling. A logical one is indicated when there are two transitions in the same time frame as a zero.