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The area required to calculate the volumetric flow rate is real or imaginary, flat or curved, either as a cross-sectional area or a surface. The vector area is a combination of the magnitude of the area through which the volume passes through, A , and a unit vector normal to the area, n ^ {\displaystyle {\hat {\mathbf {n} }}} .
[citation needed] It is commonly used between workers in the measurement of water flow through natural streams and civil works, but rarely used in writing. Data in units of m 3 ⋅ s −1 are used along the y-axis or vertical axis of a flow hydrograph , which describes the time variation of discharge of a river (the mean velocity multiplied by ...
fps ≡ 1 ft/s = 3.048 ... GPM [citation needed] ≡ 1 gal/min ... 1 ⁄ 100 of the energy required to warm one gram of air-free water from 0 °C to 100 °C at a ...
In hydrology, discharge is the volumetric flow rate (volume per time, in units of m 3 /h or ft 3 /h) of a stream.It equals the product of average flow velocity (with dimension of length per time, in m/h or ft/h) and the cross-sectional area (in m 2 or ft 2). [1]
S foot of water per foot of pipe; P d = pressure drop over the length of pipe in psig (pounds per square inch gauge pressure) L = length of pipe in feet; Q = flow, gpm (gallons per minute) C = pipe roughness coefficient; d = inside pipe diameter, in (inches) Note: Caution with U S Customary Units is advised. The equation for head loss in pipes ...
As a rule of thumb in US water management, one acre-foot is taken to be the planned annual water usage of a suburban family household. [b] In some areas of the desert Southwest, where water conservation is followed and often enforced, a typical family uses only about 0.25 acre-foot per year (310 m 3 /a) of water per year. [4]
This is the most commonly used measurement system for measuring water supply in houses. The fluid, most commonly water, enters in one side of the meter and strikes the nutating disk, which is eccentrically mounted. The disk must then "wobble" or nutate about the vertical axis, since the bottom and the top of the disk remain in contact with the ...
This means the greater the hydraulic radius, the larger volume of water the channel can carry. Based on the 'constant shear stress at the boundary' assumption, [ 6 ] hydraulic radius is defined as the ratio of the channel's cross-sectional area of the flow to its wetted perimeter (the portion of the cross-section's perimeter that is "wet"):