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Obstetric fistula is a medical condition in which a hole develops in the birth canal as a result of childbirth. [1] [2] This can be between the vagina and rectum, ureter, or bladder. [1] [4] It can result in incontinence of urine or feces. [1] Complications may include depression, infertility, and social isolation. [1]
Rectovaginal fistulas are often the result of trauma during childbirth (in which case it is known as obstetric fistula), with increased risk associated with significant lacerations or interventions are used such as episiotomy or operative (forceps/vacuum extraction) deliveries [2] or in situations where there is inadequate health care, such as in some developing countries.
A video telescope (fistuloscope) to allow surgeons to see inside the fistula tract. A unipolar electrode for diathermy of the internal tract. This is connected to a high frequency generator. A fistula brush and forceps for cleaning the tract and clearing any granulation tissue. The VAAFT procedure is done in two phases, diagnostic and operative.
Vesicovaginal fistula, or VVF, is an abnormal fistulous tract extending between the bladder and the vagina that allows the continuous involuntary discharge of urine into the vaginal vault. [citation needed] In addition to the medical sequela from these fistulas, they often have a profound effect on the patient's emotional well-being.
The diagnosis of a rectovestibular fistula can be made in female newborns if the vulva is stained with meconium (the earliest form of stool in an infant). [3] The opening of the anus may be difficult to see due to its small size and position, but it may be visible as a thickening of the median perineal raphe with an obvious anal dimple.
Vesicouterine fistulas occur most commonly after lower segment caesarean sections (about 83-93% of cases). [2] The possible mechanisms by which vesicouterine fistulas occur following caesarean sections include undetected bladder injury during caesarean section, inadvertent placement of a suture through the bladder during the repair of the uterus and abnormal blood vessel connections following ...
In anatomy, a fistula (pl.: fistulas or fistulae /-l i,-l aɪ /; from Latin fistula, "tube, pipe") is an abnormal connection (i.e. tube) joining two hollow spaces (technically, two epithelialized surfaces), such as blood vessels, intestines, or other hollow organs to each other, often resulting in an abnormal flow of fluid from one space to the other.
An oroantral fistula (OAF) is an epithelialized oroantral communication (OAC), which refers to an abnormal connection between the oral cavity and the antrum. [1] The creation of an OAC is most commonly due to the extraction of a maxillary tooth (typically a maxillary first molar) which is closely related to the antral floor.