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Kingman Reef (/ ˈ k ɪ ŋ m ən /) is a largely submerged, uninhabited, triangle-shaped reef, geologically an atoll, 9.0 nmi (20 km) east-west and 4.5 nmi (8 km) north-south, [2] in the North Pacific Ocean, roughly halfway between the Hawaiian Islands and American Samoa.
The remaining three—Jarvis Island, Kingman Reef, and Palmyra Atoll—are territories of the United States grouped with the United States Minor Outlying Islands. The Line Islands, all of which were formed by volcanic activity, are one of the longest island chains in the world, stretching 2,350 km (1,460 mi) from northwest to southeast.
Kingman Reef, a reef in the North Pacific Ocean 930 nmi (1,720 km) south of Honolulu, coordinates , about halfway between Hawaii and American Samoa. The reef has a total area of 1,958.01 km 2, of which 0.01 km 2 is land and 1,958 km 2 is water.
Kingman Reef [f] and Palmyra Atoll [f] (United States) 1 1 1 Kiribati Kiribati: 9 9 6 Cook Islands [g] (New Zealand) French Polynesia [j] Howland Island [f] and Baker Island [f] (United States) Jarvis Island [f] (United States) Kingman Reef [f] and Palmyra Atoll [f] (United States) Marshall Islands Nauru Tokelau [i] (New Zealand) Tuvalu
The numbers of juvenile colonies 1 cm (0.39 in) to 5 cm (2.0 in) of Acropora, Pocillopora and Fungiidae corals, were more than 6 times higher at Kingman Reef and Palmyra than at Tabuaeran and Kiritimati. [32] Giant clams were also more abundant at Kingman Reef than elsewhere in the Line Islands. Clams are harvested for consumption at Kiritimati.
The Central Polynesian tropical moist forests is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion in Polynesia.It includes the northern group of the Cook Islands, the Line Islands in Kiribati, and Johnston Atoll, Jarvis Island, Palmyra Atoll, and Kingman Reef which are possessions of the United States.
By 1945, the district consisted of the following geographic areas: the Hawaiian Islands, and islands to westward, including Midway, Wake, Kure, and Johnston, and Kingman Reef. [2] The Fourteenth Naval District was disestablished on 30 June 1979 and control was passed on to the Commander in Chief, United States Pacific Fleet.
The U.S. Navy annexed Kingman Reef in 1922. Spain had sold the Northern Mariana Islands to Germany in 1899. [5] The islands passed to Japan, which in turn lost them to the United States in 1945 after the end of World War II. The Marshall Islands became self-governing in 1979 and fully independent along with the Federated States of Micronesia in ...