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Tu casa tiene más cuartos que la suya = "Your house has more rooms than his/hers/yours/theirs" Estos libros son más interesantes que los vuestros = "These books are more interesting than yours [pl.]" Esas camisas son más pequeñas que las nuestras = "Those shirts are smaller than ours" After ser, however, the definite article is usually omitted:
When que is used as the object of a preposition, the definite article is added to it, and the resulting form (el que) inflects for number and gender, resulting in the forms el que, la que, los que, las que and the neuter lo que. Unlike in English, the preposition must go right before the relative pronoun "which" or "whom":
Yo fui el que me lo bebí = "I was the one who drank it" (agreement with subject of main sentence) Yo fui el que se lo bebió (preferred form with same meaning, agreement with el que) La que lo sé soy yo = "I am the one who knows" (agreement with subject of main sentence) La que lo sabe soy yo = (preferred form with same meaning, agreement ...
Similarly, the participle agrees with the subject when it is used with ser to form the "true" passive voice (e.g. La carta fue escrita ayer 'The letter was written [got written] yesterday.'), and also when it is used with estar to form a "passive of result", or stative passive (as in La carta ya está escrita 'The letter is already written.').
The Spanish copulas are ser and estar.The latter developed as follows: stare → *estare → estar. The copula ser developed from two Latin verbs. Thus its inflectional paradigm is a combination: most of it derives from svm (to be) but the present subjunctive appears to come from sedeo (to sit) via the Old Spanish verb seer.
Me la dejaron ver = "They let me see her" (la is the object of ver; Me dejaron verla is also acceptable) Te lo dejará hacer = "He/she will let you do it" (Te dejará hacerlo is also acceptable) Like Latin, Spanish makes use of double dative constructions, and thus up to two dative clitics can be used with a single verb. One must be the dative ...
Había un hombre en la casa. = "There was a man in the house." Había unos hombres en la casa. = "There were some men in the house." (standard) Habían unos hombres en la casa. = "There were some men in the house." (non-standard) En esta casa habemos cinco personas. = "In this house there are five of us."
The article additionally solves the problem posed by the alternate verbal forms of Chilean voseo like the future indicative (e.g. bailaríh or bailarái 'you will dance'), the present indicative forms of haber (habíh and hai 'you have'), and the present indicative of ser (soi, eríh and eréi 'you are'), without resorting to any ad hoc rules ...