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Information flow top-down and bottom-up in leadership. In the fields of management and organization, the terms "top-down" and "bottom-up" are used to describe how decisions are made and/or how change is implemented. [17] A "top-down" approach is where an executive decision maker or other top person makes the decisions of how something should be ...
There are two main categories of application portfolio management solutions, generally referred to as 'Top Down' and 'Bottom Up' approaches. [4] The first need in any organization is to understand what applications exist and their main characteristics (such as flexibility, maintainability, owner, etc.), typically referred to as the 'Inventory'.
For example, UNESCO's Finding a Voice Project employs ICT for development initiatives. Local content creation and distribution contributes to the formation of local information networks. [10] This is a bottom-up approach that involves extensive discussions, conversations, and decision-making with the target community. [10]
Bottom-up parsing, a computer science strategy; Bottom-up processing, in Pattern recognition (psychology) Bottom-up theories of galaxy formation and evolution; Bottom-up tree automaton, in data structures; Bottom-up integration testing, in software testing; Top-down and bottom-up design, strategies of information processing and knowledge ordering
Top-down and bottom-up design of information ordering; Top-down parsing, a parsing strategy beginning at the highest level of the parse tree Top-down parsing language, an analytic formal grammar to study top-down parsers; Top-down perspective, a camera angle in computer and video games; Top-down shooter, a subgenre of video games
Grassroots movements and organizations use collective action from the local level to implement change at the local, regional, national, or international levels. Grassroots movements are associated with bottom-up, rather than top-down decision-making, and are sometimes considered more natural or spontaneous than more traditional power structures ...
The structure is typically top down, from leaders in various departments and senior staff in the organization, which funnel down to lower level employees. [13] Informal communication, generally associated with interpersonal, horizontal communication, was primarily seen as a potential hindrance to effective organizational performance.
Upward communication is the process of transmitting information from the bottom levels of an organization to the top levels. It includes judgments, estimations, propositions, complaints, grievance, appeals, reports, etc. from subordinates to superiors. It is very important because it serves as the response on the success of downward communication.