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Other symbols can also be used to denote multiplication, often to reduce confusion between the multiplication sign × and the common variable x. In some countries, such as Germany , the primary symbol for multiplication is the " dot operator " ⋅ (as in a⋅b ).
Multiplication (often denoted by the cross symbol ×, by the mid-line dot operator ⋅, by juxtaposition, or, on computers, by an asterisk *) is one of the four elementary mathematical operations of arithmetic, with the other ones being addition, subtraction, and division.
Written mathematics began with numbers expressed as tally marks, with each tally representing a single unit. Numerical symbols consisted probably of strokes or notches cut in wood or stone, which were intelligible across cultures. For example, one notch in a bone represented one animal, person, or object.
the population mean or expected value in probability and statistics; a measure in measure theory; micro-, an SI prefix denoting 10 −6 (one millionth) Micrometre or micron (retired in 1967 as a standalone symbol, replaced by "μm" using the standard SI meaning) the coefficient of friction in physics; the service rate in queueing theory
The following table lists many specialized symbols commonly used in modern mathematics, ordered by their introduction date. The table can also be ordered alphabetically by clicking on the relevant header title.
Beyond primary education, the symbol '÷' for division is seldom used, but is replaced by the use of algebraic fractions, [12] typically written vertically with the numerator stacked above the denominator – which makes grouping explicit and unambiguous – but sometimes written inline using the slash or solidus symbol '/'. [13] Multiplication ...
In mathematics, the first symbol is mainly used in Anglophone countries to represent the mathematical operation of division and is called an obelus. [3] In editing texts, the second symbol, also called a dagger mark † is used to indicate erroneous or dubious content; [ 4 ] [ 5 ] or as a reference mark or footnote indicator. [ 6 ]
A mathematical symbol is a figure or a combination of figures that is used to represent a mathematical object, an action on mathematical objects, a relation between mathematical objects, or for structuring the other symbols that occur in a formula. As formulas are entirely constituted with symbols of various types, many symbols are needed for ...