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In an economy, production, consumption and exchange are carried out by three basic economic units: the firm, the household, and the government. Firms Firms make production decisions. These include what goods to produce, how these goods are to be produced and what prices to charge.
In economics a trade-off is expressed in terms of the opportunity cost of a particular choice, which is the loss of the most preferred alternative given up. [2] A tradeoff, then, involves a sacrifice that must be made to obtain a certain product, service, or experience, rather than others that could be made or obtained using the same required resources.
Several major U.S. economic variables had recovered from the 2007-2009 Subprime mortgage crisis and Great Recession by the 2013-2014 time period. The recession officially ended in the second quarter of 2009, [3] but the nation's economy continued to be described as in an "economic malaise" during the second quarter of 2011. [80]
Business cycles are a type of fluctuation found in the aggregate economic activity of nations that organize their work mainly in business enterprises: a cycle consists of expansions occurring at about the same time in many economic activities, followed by similarly general recessions, contractions, and revivals which merge into the expansion ...
The performance of adaptation options could either be defined in economic terms, e.g. revenue, or as physical metrics, e.g. the quantity of water conserved. [ 84 ] It is important to compare alternative portfolios of options across different future climate change scenarios in order to take into account uncertainty in climate impacts, GHG ...
Opportunity cost, as such, is an economic concept in economic theory which is used to maximise value through better decision-making. In accounting, collecting, processing, and reporting information on activities and events that occur within an organization is referred to as the accounting cycle.
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Named after economists Orris C. Herfindahl and Albert O. Hirschman, it is an economic concept widely applied in competition law, antitrust regulation, [1] and technology management. [2] HHI has continued to be used by antitrust authorities, primarily to evaluate and understand how mergers will affect their associated markets.