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Lepidodendrales (from the Greek for "scale tree") or arborescent lycophytes are an extinct order of primitive, vascular, heterosporous, arborescent (tree-like) plants belonging to Lycopodiopsida. Members of Lepidodendrales are the best understood of the fossil lycopsids due to the vast diversity of Lepidodendrales specimens and the diversity in ...
Lepidodendron is an extinct genus of primitive lycopodian vascular plants belonging the order Lepidodendrales.It is well preserved and common in the fossil record. Like other Lepidodendrales, species of Lepidodendron grew as large-tree-like plants in wetland coal forest environments.
[2] [3] Lycophytes were some of the dominating plant species of the Carboniferous period, and included the tree-like Lepidodendrales, some of which grew over 40 metres (130 ft) in height, although extant lycophytes are relatively small plants. [4] The scientific names and the informal English names used for this group of plants are ambiguous.
During the Carboniferous, tree-like plants (such as Lepidodendron, Sigillaria, and other extinct genera of the order Lepidodendrales) formed huge forests that dominated the landscape. Unlike modern trees, leaves grew out of the entire surface of the trunk and branches, but fell off as the plant grew, leaving only a small cluster of leaves at ...
Stigmaria had a complex branching structure; thus, it is comparable to the rhizomes of the extant (living) relative, the quillworts (genus Isoetes).The stigmarian systems had rhizomorph axes that shows circular scars or a helical arrangement where the root-like appendages were formerly attached.
Restoration Leaf scars are shown between the vertical sections of a Sigillaria where the leaves used to be attached. Sigillaria was a tree-like plant reaching a height up to 30 m (98 ft), [1] and lycopsids were capable to reach a height of up to 50 m (160 ft). [4]
This article lists the living orders of the Viridiplantae, based primarily on the work of Ruggiero et al. 2015. [1] Living order of Lycophytes and ferns are taken from Christenhusz et al. 2011b [2] and Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group. [3]
The Lepidodendrales comprises three main genera, Lepidodendron, Lepidophloios, and Sigillaria, distinguished on the basis of the ratio of scale width to height - they are otherwise identical. In addition, many "organ taxa" have been identified to the Lepidodendrales: each stigmaria ("root"), leaf and cone was originally given a different ...