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In 2008, evidence for tuberculosis infection was discovered in human remains from the Neolithic era dating from 9,000 years ago, in Atlit Yam, a settlement in the eastern Mediterranean. [7] This finding was confirmed by morphological and molecular methods; to date it is the oldest evidence of tuberculosis infection in humans.
However, most infections with M. tuberculosis do not cause disease, [169] and 90–95% of infections remain asymptomatic. [87] In 2012, an estimated 8.6 million chronic cases were active. [ 170 ] In 2010, 8.8 million new cases of tuberculosis were diagnosed, and 1.20–1.45 million deaths occurred (most of these occurring in developing countries ).
Tuberculosis [5] So-called due to the wasting that occurs in the late stages of infection. Dandy fever: Dengue fever [4] A reference to the mincing walk adopted by those affected. Dropsy: Edema [6] Dum-dum fever: Leishmaniasis [7] The term is derived from the city of Dum Dum, the site of an outbreak. English disease: Rickets [8]
ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or diseases. [1]
HeV Infection Hendra virus infection HF Heart failure: HFA High-functioning autism: HFMD Hand, foot, and mouth disease: HFRS Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: HI Hearing impaired: HiB disease Haemophilus influenzae type B disease: HIBM Hereditary inclusion body myopathy: HMSN Type III
The current clinical classification system for tuberculosis (TB) is based on the pathogenesis of the disease. [1] Health care providers should comply with local laws and regulations requiring the reporting of TB. All persons with class 3 or class 5 TB should be reported promptly to the local health department. [2]
The medical history includes obtaining the symptoms of pulmonary TB: productive, prolonged cough of three or more weeks, chest pain, and hemoptysis.Systemic symptoms include low grade remittent fever, chills, night sweats, appetite loss, weight loss, easy fatiguability, and production of sputum that starts out mucoid but changes to purulent. [1]
Persons with HIV and latent tuberculosis have a 10% chance of developing active tuberculosis every year. "HIV infection is the greatest known risk factor for the progression of latent M. tuberculosis infection to active TB. In many African countries, 30–60% of all new TB cases occur in people with HIV, and TB is the leading cause of death ...