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Islamic law did not recognize the classes of slave from pre-Islamic Arabia including those sold or given into slavery by themselves and others, and those indebted into slavery. [8] Though a free Muslim could not be enslaved, conversion to Islam by a non-Muslim slave did not require that he or she then should be liberated.
This clear critique of "European" pertaining to a facet of Swahili culture suggests that usuria, a phenomenon governed by Islamic law, was quite legitimate and performed as such on the coast of East Africa. However, usuria was not treated similarly in all Islamic legal systems. [92]
There was also a gradation in the status on the slave, and his descendants, after the slave converted to Islam. [127] Under Islamic law, in "what might be called civil matters", a slave was "a chattel with no legal powers or rights whatsoever", states Lewis. A slave could not own or inherit property or enter into a contract.
Spencer Trimingham observed that in coastal Arab areas masters continued to take concubines from slave families because the descendants of slaves are still considered to be enslaved under religious law even if they had been freed according to secular law. [201] The Ottoman ulama maintained the permissibility of slavery due to its Islamic legal ...
Classical Islamic law attempted to address issues of concubinage and slavery. Its main sources were the Qur'an, the sunnah of Muhammad and ijma or consensus. Classical jurists were also influenced by the practice of the Byzantines and Sassanians whom the Muslims had recently conquered.
The slave trade from Africa to Arabia via the Red Sea had ancient Pre-Islamic roots, and the commercial slave trade was not interrupted by Islam. While in Pre-Islamic Arabia, Arab war captives were common targets of slavery, importation of slaves from Ethiopia across the Red Sea also took place. [16]
Historically, the religious border zones of the Muslim world have been slave supply zones, and slaves have been imported to the Muslim Middle East from both Europe North of the Middle East; Africa South of it and Central Asia in the East. Chattel slavery lasted in the Middle East until the 20th-century.
Islam and slavery may refer to: Islamic views on slavery in theology / jurisprudence; Islamic views on concubinage in theology / jurisprudence;