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Iceland spar, possibly the medieval sunstone used to locate the Sun in the sky when clouds obstruct it from view. The sunstone (Icelandic: sólarsteinn) is a type of mineral attested in several 13th–14th-century written sources in Iceland, one of which describes its use to locate the Sun in a completely overcast sky.
It has been speculated that the sunstone (Old Norse: sólarsteinn, a different mineral from the gem-quality sunstone) mentioned in medieval Icelandic texts, such as Rauðúlfs þáttr, was Iceland spar, and that Vikings used its light-polarizing property to tell the direction of the sun on cloudy days for navigational purposes.
An ingenious navigation method is detailed in Viking Navigation Using the Sunstone, Polarized Light and the Horizon Board by Leif K. Karlsen. [27] To derive a course to steer relative to the sun direction, he uses a sun-stone (solarsteinn) made of Iceland spar (optical calcite or silfurberg), and a "horizon-board." The author constructed the ...
Sunstone is a microcline or oligoclase feldspar, which when viewed from certain directions exhibits a spangled appearance. It has been found in Southern Norway , Sweden , various United States localities and on some beaches along the midcoast of South Australia.
The rhombohedral form may also have been the "sunstone" whose use by Viking navigators is mentioned in the Icelandic Sagas. [14] Single calcite crystals display an optical property called birefringence (double refraction). This strong birefringence causes objects viewed through a clear piece of calcite to appear doubled.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 6 February 2025. Period of European history (about 800–1050) Viking Age picture stone, Gotland, Sweden. Part of a series on Scandinavia Countries Denmark Finland Iceland Norway Sweden History History by country Åland Denmark Faroe Islands Finland Greenland Iceland Norway Scotland Sweden Chronological ...
Viking sunstone or calcite. I've chopped the following as it is about the mineral calcite and discussed at Sunstone (medieval) and Iceland spar.
The album's opening song, "Iceland Spar", starts the journey by the sun rising at the beginning of the day. The title refers to a type of calcite named Iceland Spar. This was used by the Vikings for navigational purposes, known as the Viking Sunstone. The second track, "Slow Wave", is about dreams and your dream self.