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NPL (for NonProcedural Language) was a relational database language developed by T.D. Truitt et al. [1] [2] in 1980 for Apple II and, later, for MS-DOS.In general, a non-procedural language (also called a declarative language) requires the programmer to specify what the program should do, rather than (as with a procedural language) providing the sequential steps indicating how the program ...
The concept of 4GL was developed from the 1970s through the 1990s, overlapping most of the development of 3GL, with 4GLs identified as "non-procedural" or "program-generating" languages, contrasted with 3GLs being algorithmic or procedural languages.
Language Original purpose Imperative Object-oriented Functional Procedural Generic Reflective Other paradigms Standardized; 1C:Enterprise programming language: Application, RAD, business, general, web, mobile: Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Object-based, Prototype-based programming No ActionScript: Application, client-side, web Yes Yes Yes Yes No No ...
A procedural program is composed of one or more units or modules, either user coded or provided in a code library; each module is composed of one or more procedures, also called a function, routine, subroutine, or method, depending on the language. Examples of procedural languages include:
Knowledge representation makes complex software easier to define and maintain than procedural code and can be used in expert systems. For example, talking to experts in terms of business rules rather than code lessens the semantic gap between users and developers and makes development of complex systems more practical.
Procedural knowledge (i.e., knowledge-how) is different from descriptive knowledge (i.e., knowledge-that) in that it can be directly applied to a task. [2] [4] For instance, the procedural knowledge one uses to solve problems differs from the declarative knowledge one possesses about problem solving because this knowledge is formed by doing.
Procedural programming is a programming paradigm, classified as imperative programming, [1] that involves implementing the behavior of a computer program as procedures (a.k.a. functions, subroutines) that call each other. The resulting program is a series of steps that forms a hierarchy of calls to its constituent procedures.
[4] [5] The difference between these and NLP is that the latter builds up a single program or a library of routines that are programmed through natural language sentences using an ontology that defines the available data structures in a high level programming language. An example text from an English language natural-language program is as follows: