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  2. Internal ballistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_ballistics

    The temperature depends on the energy released and the heat loss to the sides of the barrel and chamber. As the projectile travels down the barrel, the volume the gas occupies behind the projectile increases. Some energy is lost in deforming the projectile and causing it to spin. There are also frictional losses between the projectile and the ...

  3. External ballistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_ballistics

    Drag makes the projectile turn into the wind, much like a weather vane, keeping the centre of air pressure on its nose. From the shooter’s perspective, this causes the nose of the projectile to turn into the wind and the tail to turn away from the wind.

  4. Ballistic coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistic_coefficient

    The formula for calculating the ballistic coefficient for small and large arms projectiles only is as follows: = [2] where: C b,projectile, ballistic coefficient as used in point mass trajectory from the Siacci method (less than 20 degrees). [3] m, mass of bullet

  5. Long range shooting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_range_shooting

    Temperature (including air, ammunition and barrel temperature) [8] Spindrift, [9] an effect caused by the rotation of the bullet; Coriolis effect, [10] caused by the Earth's rotation; Mirage, [11] which causes the shooter to hit high and to the side if there is a little wind; Angle to the target (called "cosine angle"), [12] either up or ...

  6. Physics of firearms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics_of_firearms

    According to Newtonian mechanics, if the gun and shooter are at rest initially, the force on the bullet will be equal to that on the gun-shooter. This is due to Newton's third law of motion (For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction). Consider a system where the gun and shooter have a combined mass m g and the bullet has a mass m b.

  7. Transitional ballistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitional_ballistics

    Transitional ballistics, also known as intermediate ballistics, [1] is the study of a projectile's behavior from the time it leaves the muzzle until the pressure behind the projectile is equalized, so it lies between internal ballistics and external ballistics.

  8. Terminal ballistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_ballistics

    This misconception is due to the metal's fluid-like behavior, which is caused by the massive pressures produced during the detonation of the explosive causing the metal to flow plastically. When used in the anti-tank role, a projectile that uses a shaped-charge warhead is known by the acronym HEAT (high-explosive anti-tank).

  9. Ballistic table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistic_table

    Example of a ballistic table for a given 7.62×51mm NATO load. Bullet drop and wind drift are shown both in mrad and MOA.. A ballistic table or ballistic chart, also known as the data of previous engagements (DOPE) chart, is a reference data chart used in long-range shooting to predict the trajectory of a projectile and compensate for physical effects of gravity and wind drift, in order to ...