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Measured in square feet, the reference standard for EDR is the mattress radiator [1] invented by Stephen J. Gold in the mid 19th century. One square foot of EDR is able to liberate 240 BTU per hour when surrounded by 70 °F (21 °C) air and filled with steam of approximately 215 °F (102 °C) temperature and 1 psi of pressure.
Heat cost allocators are devices attached to individual radiators in buildings that measure the total heat output of the individual radiator. Heat cost allocators can be either electronic, where one or two electronic thermosensors [1] and a microcontroller are used to calculate the heat consumption of radiator by the temperature difference between the radiator and the air in room, [2] [3] or ...
The operative temperature, which is a more functional measure of thermal comfort in a building, is calculated from air temperature, mean radiant temperature and air speed. [6] Maintaining a balance between the operative temperature and the mean radiant temperature can create a more comfortable space. [ 7 ]
In a steam heating system, each room is equipped with a radiator which is connected to a source of low-pressure steam (a boiler). Steam entering the radiator condenses and gives up its latent heat, returning to liquid water. The radiator in turn heats the air of the room, and provides some direct radiant heat. The condensate water returns to ...
The radiant exitance (previously called radiant emittance), , has dimensions of energy flux (energy per unit time per unit area), and the SI units of measure are joules per second per square metre (J⋅s −1 ⋅m −2), or equivalently, watts per square metre (W⋅m −2). [2] The SI unit for absolute temperature, T, is the kelvin (K).
Installed faced fiberglass batt insulation with its R-value visible (R-21) [1]. The R-value is a measure of how well a two-dimensional barrier, such as a layer of insulation, a window or a complete wall or ceiling, resists the conductive [2] flow of heat, in the context of construction. [3]