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Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are small molecular motifs conserved within a class of microbes, but not present in the host. [1] They are recognized by toll-like receptors (TLRs) and other pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in both plants and animals. [ 2 ]
Eat-me signals mark the apoptotic cells for phagocytes which can subsequently engulf them and actively prevent the inflammation.Various molecular markers can serve as eat-me signals, particularly a change in composition of the cell membrane, [3] modifications of molecules on the cell surface, changed charge on the plasma membrane, or indirectly the extracellular bridging molecules.
NGP VAN was created in November 2010 by the merger of its two predecessor companies: NGP Software (founded in 1997 by Nathaniel Pearlman, who later served as chief technology officer for Hillary Clinton's 2008 presidential campaign, [6] in his attic in Washington, DC), and Voter Activation Network (founded in 2001 by Mark Sullivan, in his study in Cambridge, Massachusetts).
One of the two major contemporary political parties in the two-party system of the United States, along with its main rival, the Republican Party. Though the modern version of the party is a big-tent coalition comprising multiple distinct ideologies, Democrats generally espouse a philosophy that is socially and economically liberal. Since 2000 ...
In contrast to the noninfectious inflammatory response produced by DAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) initiate and perpetuate the infectious pathogen-induced inflammatory response. [6] Many DAMPs are nuclear or cytosolic proteins with defined intracellular function that are released outside the cell following tissue injury. [7]
Welcome to the online version of From the Politics Desk, an evening newsletter that brings you the NBC News Politics team’s latest reporting and analysis from the campaign trail, the White House ...
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The following is a chronological list of political catchphrases throughout the history of the United States government. This is not necessarily a list of historical quotes, but phrases that have been commonly referenced or repeated within various political contexts.